Dec21,2025
One of the world’s earliest written languages, used in ancient Mesopotamia; survived later only in religious and scholarly texts.
A major Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, written in cuneiform and later replaced by Aramaic.
An Indo-European language spoken in ancient Anatolia, preserved on clay tablets using cuneiform script.
An extinct Indo-European language family once spoken along the Silk Road in Central Asia.
Used in ancient Elam (modern-day Iran), with no clear linguistic relatives.
Spoken in parts of the Near East, particularly northern Mesopotamia and Anatolia.
A language of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu, related to Hurrian but otherwise isolated.
The language of the Etruscan civilization of pre-Roman Italy, partially deciphered but extinct.