Ahom-era military monuments in Assam's Kaliabor under encroachment threat, calls grow for protection of heritage

The historic Missa Koth and Samdhara Garh, also known as Burha-Burhi Garh, two important components of Assam’s medieval military defence system, are facing growing threats from encroachment along the National Highway in Misa and Rangagara areas of Kaliabor.

While eviction drives against encroachments are being carried out in different parts of Assam, the continued occupation and alteration of these heritage sites have raised concerns among local residents and heritage enthusiasts over the lack of effective measures to protect the medieval military monuments.

Samdhara Garh, regarded as the “Great Wall of China” of the Ahom era, was constructed during the reign of Ahom king Swargadeo Pratap Singha in 1538 Saka. Located at Rangagara under the Samaguri Revenue Circle, the historic fort is divided into two sections by the four-lane National Highway.

Large portions of the northern side of the fort, particularly along the highway, have reportedly witnessed extensive encroachment. The site, which once had thousands of trees, has also lost a significant number of them. Reports of new houses being constructed after portions of the historic fort were cut away have added to concerns over its preservation.

The fort is under the Directorate of Archaeology, Assam, and the alleged excavation and misuse of land forming part of the historic structure have further heightened concerns over possible damage to its archaeological features.

The Misa Koth, another important component of the Ahom military establishment, is also facing encroachment. Several trees that previously stood within its premises have reportedly disappeared, with residential structures being constructed on portions of the site.

The two monuments are considered important remnants of Assam’s medieval military architecture and the defensive system developed during the Ahom period. Their location along a major highway has also increased pressure on the surrounding land.

Concerned citizens have called for immediate government intervention to identify and clear encroachments from Misa Koth and Samdhara Garh and ensure their protection. They have also urged the authorities to undertake proper conservation measures to safeguard the historical and archaeological significance of the two medieval war monuments.

The demands come amid continuing concerns over the gradual deterioration and encroachment of heritage sites across Assam, with calls for stronger enforcement and systematic protection of historically significant structures.