Assam's Barpeta firecracker industry illuminates Diwali with heritage, safety, and empowerment

As the festival of lights, Deepanwita approaches, Barpeta’s century-old firecracker industry prepares to compete with imported fireworks, delivering vibrant, pollution-free displays. 

Known for its traditional craftsmanship and eco-friendly practices, the Barpeta firecracker industry also highlights a legacy of community empowerment, providing livelihoods for thousands and promoting women’s leadership.

A legacy sparked over a century ago

The origins of Barpeta’s firecracker industry trace back to 1885, when Lakshmi Pathak, a curious and innovative local, encountered a book on Chinese fireworks and became inspired to master this unique craft. His dedication led to an opportunity to present his fireworks to Queen Victoria at a special event in Shillong, where his creations were so impressive that he was awarded a gold coin and a production license. This marked the beginning of Barpeta’s firecracker legacy, which has grown into a significant regional industry with deep historical and cultural roots.

Today, Barpeta’s firecracker manufacturers uphold traditional methods that prioritize safety and environmental consciousness. Unlike many imported varieties that contain harmful chemicals such as barium nitrate, urea, and lead, Barpeta’s firecrackers use safer alternatives like sulfur, potassium nitrate, aluminum, and ash. This commitment to eco-friendly, “green” firecrackers is part of what distinguishes Barpeta's products in the marketplace.

The manufacturing process remains largely manual, relying on skilled artisans who carefully handcraft each piece. This ensures a high level of quality and safety, as well as a commitment to the values upon which Barpeta’s firecracker industry was founded. These fireworks focus on creating vibrant, colorful displays rather than loud noise, setting them apart from sound-focused alternatives and contributing to a safer and more enjoyable Diwali celebration.

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Barpeta’s firecracker industry supports nearly 1,000 families, with manufacturing providing year-round employment and stability for many artisans. As the industry has grown, so too has its impact on the local economy. A thriving cottage industry has developed alongside firecracker production, benefiting various sectors, including Barpeta’s pottery trade. Clay pots, essential for certain types of firecrackers, are made locally, providing traditional potters with additional income and opening opportunities for people from diverse backgrounds to participate in clay pot production.

One distinctive product in Barpeta’s range is the “Kalagach,” a firecracker that uses clay pots rather than paper, making it safer than alternatives produced in other regions. Previously known as “Laden” due to its large size, the Kalagach has been rebranded as “Bishal” and “Trading,” symbolizing its evolution within the market. The Kalagach and other Barpeta favorites, such as “Asmaan Gola,” “Fuljhari,” and “Barpeta Express,” are highly valued by consumers for their quality and safety.

Embracing eco-friendly “green crackers”

In recent years, environmental concerns surrounding Diwali celebrations have increased, and Barpeta’s firecracker industry has responded proactively. By focusing on green, pollution-free firecrackers, the industry has established itself as a responsible player in the market. The fireworks made in Barpeta avoid the use of chemicals associated with high levels of air pollution, an approach that aligns with growing consumer preferences for eco-friendly products.

Barpeta’s commitment to green practices reflects a broader shift towards sustainability. This aspect is particularly appealing to environmentally conscious consumers who want to celebrate Diwali without contributing to air and noise pollution. In comparison to imported products that prioritize sound, Barpeta’s fireworks focus on providing visually striking, pollution-free displays, making them safer and more sustainable for communities.

The Barpeta firecracker industry also represents an inspiring example of women’s empowerment, with women taking on leadership roles in an industry traditionally dominated by men. One prominent example is Munichuna Fireworks, a well-known enterprise now managed by young entrepreneur Ritamani Pathak. After her father’s untimely passing, Ritamani stepped up to lead the family business, which now supports the livelihoods of over 200 artisans.

Ritamani’s journey is a testament to resilience and determination. Despite the challenges of taking on a male-dominated industry, she has successfully managed Munichuna Fireworks, providing not only jobs but also training and empowerment for the artisans in her workforce. Her leadership has enabled other women to pursue similar roles in the industry, fostering a culture of empowerment and encouraging more women to participate in the economic life of the community.

As Diwali approaches, optimism surrounds Barpeta’s firecracker industry. Gopjit Pathak, the president of Barpeta’s firecracker cooperative, is hopeful that this year’s Diwali season will bring a strong market response. Pathak emphasizes the value of Barpeta’s focus on safety, quality, and visual appeal, which set its firecrackers apart from imported alternatives.

Barpeta’s firecracker manufacturers anticipate high demand for their products, as consumers increasingly seek local, eco-friendly options for their Diwali celebrations. The industry’s dedication to preserving traditional methods while embracing environmental responsibility resonates with consumers, enhancing the appeal of Barpeta’s products.

With a rich history that spans 138 years, Barpeta’s firecracker industry is more than just a business—it is a legacy that embodies craftsmanship, community, and cultural heritage. The festival of lights, Deepanwita, is a time for celebration, and Barpeta’s firecrackers bring joy not only to those who light them but also to the artisans who create them.

Barpeta’s firecracker industry stands as a symbol of resilience, supporting livelihoods, preserving traditional techniques, and promoting sustainable practices. For the people of Barpeta, each spark of a firecracker is a reminder of their shared history and the enduring values that guide their craft.

As Barpeta’s firecrackers illuminate the Diwali sky, they represent more than just a festive display—they are the product of a community’s dedication, innovation, and commitment to a sustainable future. This year, as families gather to celebrate Deepanwita, Barpeta’s firecrackers will light up the night with a legacy of tradition, empowerment, and environmental responsibility.