Assam's Behali paddy fields become a haven for seven rare migratory birds

The paddy fields of Behali, particularly in Nasbor, Orang, and Barajuli in Biswanath district, are an ecologically significant area that hosts a rich diversity of migratory birds and serves as a crucial wildlife corridor. This region holds special importance as it lies just 6 km from Kaziranga National Park, 8 km from Behali Wildlife Sanctuary, 1 km from the Buroi River, and 1 km from the Bedeti wetland. Due to its proximity to these important ecological zones, the paddy fields witness not only avian migrations but also the movement of large mammals like the endangered Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus), which traverse this corridor during October to December in search of food.

Among the most prominent avian visitors to these paddy fields are the Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus). These large migratory geese, measuring between 71-76 cm, are easily identifiable by their yellow bills with black tips, yellow legs, and distinctive black-bordered white heads. They undertake an incredible migration journey, flying over the harsh climatic conditions of the Himalayas, including Mount Everest, to reach their wintering grounds in India. Upon arrival in Behali’s paddy fields, they primarily feed on grasses, leftover paddy grains, and insects.

Accompanying the Bar-Headed Geese in these fields are the Ruddy Shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea), also known as Brahminy Ducks. These medium-sized ducks (51-57 cm) have vibrant orange plumage, black tails, and black legs and beaks. Males can be distinguished by a black ring-like marking around their necks. They are often seen in pairs or large flocks and share the same feeding habits as the Bar-Headed Geese.

Another remarkable migratory bird recorded in the region is the Greater White-Fronted Goose (Anser albifrons). The first photographic documentation of this species in Biswanath district was made in these paddy fields, marking an important ornithological discovery for the region.

Other notable migratory species observed in the area include:

Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola)

White Wagtail (Motacilla alba)

Grey-Headed Lapwing (Vanellus cinereus)

Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)

Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva)

Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus)

Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus)

Apart from being a crucial wintering ground for migratory birds, the paddy fields also support a rich diversity of resident avian species. Some of the notable ones include:

Asian Openbill Stork (Anastomus oscitans)

Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus)

White-Throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis)

Indian Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii)

Cinnamon Bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus)

Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)

Intermediate Egret (Ardea intermedia)

Red-Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus)

Green Bee-Eater (Merops orientalis)

Blue-Tailed Bee-Eater (Merops philippinus)

Pied Starling (Gracupica contra)

Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)

Great Myna (Acridotheres grandis)

The presence of such a high diversity of birds and wildlife highlights the ecological importance of Behali’s paddy fields. The region plays a dual role as a feeding and resting ground for migratory birds and as a key movement corridor for endangered elephants. However, increasing human encroachment, habitat degradation, and climate change pose significant threats to this fragile ecosystem. Conservation efforts, such as habitat protection and sustainable agricultural practices, are essential to maintaining the ecological balance and ensuring the continued survival of these migratory and resident species.

Behali's paddy fields stand as a testament to the rich biodiversity of Assam, providing a crucial habitat for both migratory and resident bird species. The presence of endangered species like the Asiatic Elephant and significant migratory species such as the Bar-Headed Goose and Ruddy Shelduck underscores the need for concerted conservation efforts. Preserving this unique habitat will not only benefit wildlife but also enhance the ecological health of the region, ensuring that future generations can continue to witness the awe-inspiring migration of birds and the majestic movement of elephants through this vital corridor.